A dimensional measure of schizotypy: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences short version for Brazilian Portuguese (O-LIFE-S)

Abstract Introduction The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) is a widely-used scale, and the first to include a dimensional approach to understanding schizotypy. Objective To adapt the short version of the O-LIFE (O-LIFE-S) into Brazilian Portuguese. Method a) Two independent bilingual professionals translated the original instrument into Brazilian Portuguese; b) a third bilingual professional summarized the two translations; c) a fourth bilingual expert translated the Portuguese version back into English; d) this back-translation was adjusted by a committee of psychology experts; e) a pilot study was conducted with 10 participants from the general population. Results O-LIFE-S was considered ready to be used in a formal validation study in Brazil. Conclusion The scale appears to cover the dimensional approach to schizotypy. However, a future validation study needs to be conducted to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the O-LIFE-S .

Translation and cultural adaptation of the DSM-5 Personality Inventory - Brief Form (PID-5-BF)

Abstract Introduction The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 - Brief Form (PID-5-BF) - is an instrument for assessment of the five pathological personality traits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorders. Objectives To determine the psychometric properties of the version of the PID-5-BF translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process of translating and cross-culturally adapting the text was carried out by independent translators and the resulting version was administered to 176 patients in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. The internal structure was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Evidence of reliability was tested by examining the internal consistency of the scales and their convergent and concurrent validity with other methods of psychopathology. Results The five factors were replicated in the present sample with adequate indicators of fit of the data to the model. Appropriate reliability coefficients for the scales and evidence of validity were observed, indicating the clinical usefulness of the PID-5-BF in the Brazilian context. Conclusion The psychometric properties of PID-5-BF proved satisfactory in an initial sample of Brazilians.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context / Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5): adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence traits for discriminating borderline personality disorder / Traços de dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência para discriminação do transtorno da personalidade borderline

Abstract Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most widely studied personality disorders (PDs). It recurrently shows traits of emotional lability, anxiety, separation insecurity, depressiveness, impulsiveness, risk exposure, and hostility, mainly affecting the domains of negative affectivity and antagonism. Objectives To investigate the most discriminant dimensions of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]) to distinguish people diagnosed with BPD from people without this diagnosis. Methods A total of 305 participants were included in this study: psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with BPD (n = 30), psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with other PDs (n = 75), and a community sample (n = 200). BPD traits were assessed using the dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence dimensions of the IDCP-2. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons indicated highest mean measures in the BPD group, and mood instability factors were the most discriminant ones when considering all groups. Applying the multiple regression analysis, we found an adjusted r 2 = 0.50, and hopelessness was the most predictive measure (β = 0.32; t = 6.19; p < 0.001). Conclusions We found discriminatory capacity for factors of all dimensions, although at different levels, and more consistent results to discriminate the BPD group from the community sample.

Resumo Introdução O transtorno da personalidade borderline (TPB) tem sido um dos transtornos de personalidade (TPs) mais estudados. O TPB recorrentemente apresenta traços de instabilidade emocional, ansiedade, insegurança de separação, depressividade, impulsividade, exposição ao risco e hostilidade, afetando principalmente os domínios relacionados à afetividade negativa e ao antagonismo. Objetivos Investigar as dimensões mais discriminativas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) para distinguir pessoas diagnosticadas com TPB de pessoas sem esse diagnóstico. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo 305 participantes: pacientes psiquiátricos com TPB (n = 30), pacientes psiquiátricos com outros TPs (n = 75) e amostra da população geral (n = 200). Os traços de TPB foram avaliados utilizando as dimensões dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência do IDCP-2. Resultados As comparações com análise de variância (ANOVA) indicaram que o grupo TPB apresentou as maiores médias, e os fatores da dimensão instabilidade de humor foram os mais discriminativos ao se comparar os três grupos. Usando a análise de regressão múltipla, foi encontrado um r 2 ajustado = 0,50, e o fator desesperança foi o mais preditivo (β = 0,32; t = 6,19; p < 0,001). Conclusões Foi encontrada capacidade discriminativa para fatores de todas as dimensões, embora em diferentes níveis, e resultados mais consistentes quanto à discriminação foram observados para a distinção entre o grupo com TPB e a população geral.

Translation of the Parental Inventory "Language Use Inventory" into Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução do Inventário Parental "Language Use Inventory" para o Português Brasileiro

ABSTRACT Purpose To translate and adapt the assessment tool Language Use Inventory from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The study was carried out in two stages. Once the publisher's authorization was given, the process of translation and back-translation of the protocol was initiated, adapting it to sociocultural aspects, such as expressions, names, and adequate examples in Brazilian Portuguese. In order to investigate the internal reliability of the translation process, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The second stage was a pilot study, in which the questionnaire was applied to 43 parents of children from 24 to 47 months old from a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The results were analyzed according to the total score and to the subscales of the questionnaire. The variables age range and parental level of education were also analyzed. Results The analysis using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed high internal consistency (α>0,98) in almost all the subscales which means that the instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese can be used. In the pilot study, an age effect was found in the total score and in the LUI subscale scores, i.e., the older the children, the fewer gestures they used, with more words and syntactic constructions. Conclusion The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the LUI questionnaire seems to be a reliable translation of the original and a reliable instrument to evaluate preschoolers' language pragmatics. After future detailed analyses, it will allow early diagnosis and intervention in children with language disorders.

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar a ferramenta de avaliação "Language Use Inventory" do inglês para o português brasileiro. Método O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Após a autorização da editora, foi iniciado o processo de tradução e retrotradução do protocolo, adaptando-o aos aspectos socioculturais, como expressões, nomes e exemplos adequados em português brasileiro. Para investigar a confiabilidade interna do processo de tradução, foi utilizado o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A segunda etapa foi um estudo piloto, no qual o questionário foi aplicado a 43 pais de crianças de 24 a 47 meses de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados foram analisados segundo o escore total e as subescalas do questionário. As variáveis faixa etária e nível de escolaridade dos pais também foram analisadas. Resultados A análise pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach mostrou alta consistência interna (α> 0,98) em quase todas as subescalas, o que significa que o instrumento adaptado para o português brasileiro pode ser utilizado de forma confiável. No estudo piloto, um efeito de idade foi encontrado no escore total e nos escores da subescala LUI, ou seja, quanto mais velhas as crianças, menos gestos foram utilizados e mais palavras, construções sintáticas foram produzidas. Conclusão A versão brasileira do questionário LUI pareceu ser uma tradução fiel do instrumento original e confiável para avaliar a pragmática da linguagem de pré-escolares. Após futuras análises pormenorizadas, permitirá o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção em crianças com distúrbios de linguagem.

Trichotillomania and personality traits from the five-factor model

Objective: To examine whether personality traits have predictive validity for trichotillomania (TTM) diagnosis, pulling severity and control, and hair pulling style. Methods: In study 1, logistic regression was used with TTM cases (n=54) and controls (n=25) to determine if NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) personality domains predicted TTM case vs. control classification. In study 2, hierarchical multiple regression was used with TTM cases (n=164) to determine whether NEO-FFI personality domains predicted hair pulling severity and control as well as focused and automatic pulling styles. Results: TTM case vs. control status was predicted by NEO-FFI neuroticism. Every 1-point increase in neuroticism scores resulted in a 10% greater chance of TTM diagnosis. Higher neuroticism, higher openness, and lower agreeableness were associated with greater pulling severity. Higher neuroticism was also associated with less control over hair pulling. Higher neuroticism and lower openness were associated with greater focused pulling. None of the personality domains predicted automatic hair pulling. Conclusions: Personality traits, especially neuroticism, can predict TTM diagnosis, hair pulling severity and control, and the focused style of pulling. None of the personality traits predicted automatic pulling. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether personality variables predispose to TTM onset, impact disorder course, and/or result from hair pulling behavior.

The construct of psychopathy in a Chilean prison population

Objective:To test the four-factor model of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) empirical construct of psychopathy in a Chilean prison population by using instruments that supply different types of data.Methods:Two hundred and nine male inmates of the Prison of Los Andes, Chile, were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out with the PCL-R and the Self-Report of Psychopathy - III - Short Form (SRP-III-SF).Results:The distributions of total PCL-R and SRP-III-SF scores were normal (Kolmorogov-Smirnov [K-S] = 1.04, p = 0.230; K-S = 0.812, p = 0.525, respectively), with means of 20.9±6.8 for the former and 61.6±15.2 for the latter. Model fit was good for the PCL-R (Tucker Lewis index [TLI] = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04) and for the SRP-SF (TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.04).Conclusions:The results obtained with the PCL-R and the SRP-SF showed adequate fit to the empirical four-factor model of psychopathy and support this model. As foreseeable, fit was better for the PCL-R, which combines several sources of information.

Normas chilenas para el MACI: una integración de criterios categoriales y dimensionales / Chilean norms for MACI: an integration of categorical and dimensional criteria

Este estudio desarrolló normas chilenas para el Inventario Clínico para Adolescentes de Millon (MACI)utilizando una muestra de baremación diferenciada por sexo y dicotomizada en dos grupos, no-consultantes(200 hombres y 206 mujeres) y consultantes (212 hombres y 189 mujeres), que respondió el MACI y elMMPI-A. Con los datos MACI se desarrolló un conjunto de análisis estadísticos de validez diagnóstica en etapas sucesivas que dio lugar a la categorización de las escalas MACI en Acordes con la Teoría (AT), Contra-Teóricas (CT) y No-Diferenciadoras, y a la determinación de puntajes de corte entre funcionamiento sano y alterado. Para las escalas AT y CT se diseñó una escala de baremación de 100 puntos cuyo puntaje central (PT 50) correspondió al puntaje de corte de cada escala. Las escalas ND fueron baremadas en percentiles. La discusión de resultados analiza aspectos psicométricos y de evaluación clínica considerando el contexto latinoamericano y la integración de estos resultados en el modelo teórico de Millon.

This study aimed at building Chilean normative criteria for the Mllon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) using a normative sample divided by sex, and into a non-consulting group (200 males and 206 females), and a clinical group (212 males and 189 females) that answered the MACI and the MMPI-A. Using MACI scales data, a set of statistical analysis for diagnostic validity were run through successive stages. Results indicated that MACI scales could be classified into Agreement with Theory (AT), Counter-Theory (CT); and Non-Discriminative (ND) scales; also a cutting point score between healthy functioning and disordered functioning was determined. To build norms for the AT and CT scales, a 100-point measuring scale that had the cutting-point score as the central score (PT 50) was used. Percentile norms were built for the ND scales. Discussion refers to psychometric and clinical assessment features attending to Latin-American cultural context and their integration into the Mllon's theoretical model.

Datos normativos y propiedades psicométricas del SCL-90-R en estudiantes universitarios chilenos / Normative data and psychometric properties of the SCL-90-R in Chilean college students

Este trabajo sintetiza la adaptación del Inventario de Síntomas de Derogatis, Revisado (SCL-90-R) en estudiantesuniversitarios Chilenos. Se presentan las propiedades psicométricas y datos normativos obtenidos en una muestra de 718 estudiantes (47,6% hombres, 52,4% mujeres) de Antofagasta (32,9%), Santiago (32,3%) y Temuco (34,8%). Específi camente, se reportan resultados sobre: las distribuciones de respuesta, la estructura factorial, la capacidad discriminativa de los ítems, la fi abilidad y escalabilidad para cada dimensión primaria de síntomas, la distribución de frecuencias de las dimensiones e índices globales, las correlaciones entre escalas, el efecto del género y la zona geográfi ca sobre las puntuaciones, y los baremos en Puntuaciones T para los tres índices globales y para las nueves dimensiones primarias de síntomas. Se discuten los resultados y se sugieren guías para el uso de las normas.

This paper synthesize the adaptation of Derogatis’ Symptom Checklist, Revised (SCL-90-R) in Chilean nonpatient college students. Psychometric properties and normative data were obtained from a sample of 718 students (47,6% males, 52,4 females) from Antofagasta (32,9%), Santiago (32,3%) and Temuco (34,8%). Specifically, this article reports fi ndings about: response distributions, factor structure, discriminative power of the items, reliability and scalability of the primary dimensions, correlations among scales, gender and city effects on the scores, and T-score norms for the three global indexes and the nine primary dimensions. The results are discussed and practical guidelines are given for the use of the norms.

Obsessive-compulsive inventory and obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised scales: translation into brazilian portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation

OBJECTIVE: The present study describes the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the cross-cultural adaptation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory was developed with the purpose of measuring the intensity of the various symptoms that characterize the obsessive-compulsive disorder, assessing their frequency and the distress they caused during the previous month, as well as estimating the overall severity of the disorder. Thus, different levels of severity among different obsessions and compulsions can be assessed and compared. METHOD: The scales were initially translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two bilingual psychiatrists and then independently back-translated by other two bilingual psychiatrists. The scales were then applied to 15 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, deliberately chosen from different educational levels, to make language adjustments. The author accepted the final version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales after their back translation. RESULTS: The scales were easily understood and filled in by individuals and may be used with obsessive-compulsive disorder patients of different socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSION: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales, in their Brazilian Portuguese version, can help health professionals to screen potential obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and reduce these symptoms using different treatments.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo apresenta o processo de tradução e adaptação das escalas Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory e do Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revisado versão em português do Brasil. O Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de mensurar os diversos sintomas que caracterizam o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e avaliar a freqüência e a ansiedade causada pelos sintomas no último mês, assim como estimar a gravidade geral do transtorno. Desta forma, torna-se possível fazer comparações de gravidade entre as várias obsessões e compulsões. MÉTODO: As escalas foram inicialmente traduzidas para o português por dois psiquiatras bilíngües e retrotraduzidas por outros dois psiquiatras bilíngües de forma independente e em seguida, aplicadas em 15 portadores do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com diferente escolaridade e intencionalmente selecionados para efetuar ajustes na linguagem. A versão final das escalas Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory e Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revisado foram aceitas pelo autor após o processo de retrotradução destas. RESULTADOS: As escalas mostraram-se de fácil compreensão e preenchimento pelos pacientes, podendo ser utilizadas em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo de diferentes classes econômicas e sociais. CONCLUSÃO: As escalas Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory e Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revisado, em suas versões adaptadas para o português do Brasil, poderão auxiliar os profissionais de saúde no rastreamento de possíveis portadores de transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e na avaliação da intensidade dos sintomas obsessivos compulsivos em pesquisa, e sua redução com diferentes métodos de tratamento.

Análisis preliminar y datos normativos del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en adolescentes y adultos de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile / Preliminary analysis and normative Data of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in adolescent and adults of Santiago, Chile

El estudio reporta los análisis preliminares y datos normativos, para una muestra de población general del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo (Spielberger, Gorsuch & Lushene, 1970). Los datos fueron obtenidos de una muestra total de 1488 personas entre 13 y 60 años de edad. La consistencia interna obtenida fue .92, para STAI-S y .87 para STAI-R. Del análisis factorial confirmatorio se obtienen dos factores para cada escala. Finalmente, se realizan análisis de comparación de medias para la obtención de datos normativos, para la muestra total diferenciada por sexo y para la muestra de adolescentes y adultos.

The present study reports the preliminary analyses and normative data of the State-Trate anxiety inventory (Spielberger, Gorusch & Lushene, 1970), for a Chilean, general population sample. Data were obtained from a total sample of 1488 people, between 13 and 60 years old. A high internal consistency for STAI-S .92 and for STAI-T .87 is reported. Two factors were obtained from the confirmatory factorial analysis. Finally, analyses of the means were carried out, obtaining normative data for the total sample, differentiated by sex, and for the adolescents and adults sample.

Development of the Stress-induced Cognition Scale

The objective of this study was to develop the stress-induced cognition scale (SCS). A preliminary survey was conducted on 109 healthy adults to obtain cognitive stress responses. Then, 215 healthy subjects completed a preliminary questionnaire. A comparison was made regarding cognitive stress responses among 73 patients with depressive disorders and 215 healthy subjects. Factor analysis of the SCS yielded 3 subscales: extreme thought, aggressive-hostile thought, and self-depreciative thought. The test-retest reliability for the 3 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The Cronbach's alphafor the 3 subscales and total score ranged from 0.82 to 0.94. The convergent validity was calculated by correlating the 3 subscales and total score of the SCS with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. The depressive disorder group scored significantly higher than the healthy control group in all the subscale scores and total scores of the SCS. Female subjects were significantly higher than males in the total scores of the SCS. These results indicate that the SCS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure for research related to cognitive assessment.

Development of the Stress-induced Cognition Scale

The objective of this study was to develop the stress-induced cognition scale (SCS). A preliminary survey was conducted on 109 healthy adults to obtain cognitive stress responses. Then, 215 healthy subjects completed a preliminary questionnaire. A comparison was made regarding cognitive stress responses among 73 patients with depressive disorders and 215 healthy subjects. Factor analysis of the SCS yielded 3 subscales: extreme thought, aggressive-hostile thought, and self-depreciative thought. The test-retest reliability for the 3 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The Cronbach's alphafor the 3 subscales and total score ranged from 0.82 to 0.94. The convergent validity was calculated by correlating the 3 subscales and total score of the SCS with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. The depressive disorder group scored significantly higher than the healthy control group in all the subscale scores and total scores of the SCS. Female subjects were significantly higher than males in the total scores of the SCS. These results indicate that the SCS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure for research related to cognitive assessment.

Assessment of anxiety and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients

CONTEXTO: Fibromialgia é uma síndrome reumática caracterizada por dores músculo-esqueléticas difusas e crônicas e sítios dolorosos específicos à palpação, chamados de tender points, freqüentemente associados a fadiga, distúrbios do sono, rigidez matinal e, em alguns casos, dispnéia e ansiedade. Devido ao seu caráter crônico, a síndrome geralmente causa impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos fibromiálgicos. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia de instrumentos que avaliam a qualidade de vida de fibromiálgicos mensurada pelo Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ) e pelo Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Healthy Survey (SF-36), e a ansiedade avaliada pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-estado (IDATE). TIPO DE ESTUDO: Transversal. LOCAL: Ambulatório de Reumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP). MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 80 sujeitos: 40 com fibromialgia (grupo teste) e 40 saudáveis (grupo controle). Três questionários (dois para avaliação de qualidade de vida - FIQ e SF-36 û; e um para ansiedade - IDATE) foram aplicados aos indivíduos dos dois grupos em uma única entrevista. Toda a análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o Teste "t" Student e o teste de Correlação de Pearson (r), com significância p < 0,05. Além disso, o teste estatístico Qui-quadrado de Pearson, para homogeneidade, foi usado para comparar o grau de escolaridade entre os grupos teste e controle. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos mostram que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p = 0,00), indicando que os fibromiálgicos têm pior qualidade de vida e níveis mais altos de ansiedade. A correlação entre os três questionários foi alta (r = 0,90). DISCUSSAO: O impacto negativo na qualidade de vida decorrente da Fibromialgia tem sido relatado em muitos estudos, nos quais os protocolos de avaliação são os principais istrumentos de medida. O FIQ é um instrumento utilizado em vários estudos clínicos para avaliar a função física. Este estudo comprovou a eficiência do FIQ para avaliar o impacto da fibromialgia sobre a qualidade de vida. O SF-36 é menos específico que o FIQ, mas também se mostrou eficiente para a avaliação da qualidade de vida de fibromiálgicos, uma vez que os discrimina dos indivíduos saudáveis. A ansiedade é considerada um ...

Inseguridad percibida, conductas de evitación y autoprotección de las mujeres de zonas urbanas. Construcción y validación de escalas / Perceived insecurity, evitation conducts and self-protection of women living in urban zones. Construction and validation of scales

Esta investigación presenta los análisis factoriales realizados en tres diferentes escalas: inseguridad percibida, conductas de evitación y conductas de autoprotección frente al delito, construidas a partir de la revisión de la bibliografía sobre el tema. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas, para obtener una muestra representativa de habitantes del Distrito Federal en términos de nivel socioeconómico, género y edad. De las 600 personas entrevistadas para este estudio, sólo se consideró a las mujeres (n=321), a quienes se les aplicaron las escalas. Los resultados mostraron que en el caso de la inseguridad percibida se obtuvieron dos dimensiones congruentes: inseguridad en espacios públicos (Ó=.77) e inseguridad en espacios oscuros y solitarios (Ó=.54): En las conductas de evitación también se encontraron dos dimensiones: estrategias callejeras (Ó=.76) y limitación en el estilo de vida (Ó=.57). Finalmente, en las conductas de autoprotección se encontró sólo una dimensión: conductas de protección (Ó=.53). Las medias de los factores obtenidos en la muestra señalaron como más prevalencientes a la inseguridad en espacios públicos y a las estrategias callejeras. Por último, se discute la conceptuación de las escalas y las limitaciones halladas en su operación en la escala de conductas de autoprotección